Τhis research carried out with primary school pupils, using 2D and 3D ChromaDepth maps in geography lessons. The participants were 74 students aged 11 years old from three different primary schools in great Athens area (Greece). Each pupil completed a two part questionnaire with closed and open ended questions. The tools of the research were two maps of Lesvos Island and ChromaDepthTM glasses. The results of the research were analyzed with SPSS 16.00 Statistical Package. The purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of pupils to interpret the symbols used in map keys. Additionally we researched whether 3D maps contribute to the better understanding of landscape and spatial knowledge. Results indicated that several symbols were not identified. Pupils were not familiar with a series of geographical concepts and obtained limited geographical vocabulary. Finally there was significant difference only between pupils related to low family social status.