Following the Asia Minor catastrophe and until the beginning of the 30's, Greece is in the grip of political instability, while the financial state of the vast majority of the population is appalling. However, conditions gradually improve right up until 1931. During this period, there appears an impressive intellectual activity. In this context, the journal ‘Scientific Encyclopedia' is published aiming at the propagation of Natural Sciences. Articles written by University Professors and other scholars are published in this journal which, apart from the purely scientific topics, also encompasses articles of a philosophical nature. A closer study of the articles contained in this journal, reveals the coexistence of both materialistic and idealistic approaches to the topics relevant to the self reliance of matter such as a) the emergence of animate and inanimate world, b) the laws of nature, c) the relationship between matter and spirit and d) the relationship between life and matter.